Who did Cleopatra marry?
Cleopatra's husbands were (in chronological order)
1. Ptolemy XIII - he drowned in 47 BC
2. Ptolemy XIV - he was allegedly poisoned in c. 44 BC
3. Julius Caesar - he was assassinated in Rome in 44 BC
4. Mark Antony - he committed a suicide following a crucial defeat from Octavian in 31 BC
1. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
He was the son of Ptolemy XII and he succeeded his father in the spring of 51 BC as co-ruler of Egypt by his marriage to his older sister Cleopatra VII of Egypt. In October of 50 BC, Ptolemy XIII was promoted to senior ruler along with her. He thus reigned from 51 BC until his death in 47 BC.
Ptolemy XIII resented the fact Cleopatra tried to control him and was determined to depose her; to that end, he allied himself with Arsinoe IV (another half-sister and claimant to the Throne). Their actions led to a civil war.
Ptolemy XIII reportedly drowned while attempting to cross the Nile.
2. Ptolemy XIV
He was the son of Ptolemy XII. Following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII, he was proclaimed Pharaoh and co-ruler by their older sister Cleopatra VII. He thus reigned from 47 BC to 44 BC. How he died isn't certain; it is usually assumed that Cleopatra poisoned her Ptolemy XIV to replace him with Ptolemy XV Caesarion, her son by Caesar who was proclaimed co-ruler on September 2, 44 BC. The last mention of Ptolemy XIV as alive is dated at July 26, 44 BC.
3. Julius Caesar
One of the greatest generals in history, Caesar played a crucial in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
Although Cleopatra was 21 years old when they met and Caesar was 52, they became lovers during Caesar’s stay in Egypt between 48 BC and 47 BC. Cleopatra claimed Caesar was the father of her son (which was indirectly confirmed by Caesar himself). Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion visited Rome in summer 46 BC and were still in Rome in on 15 March 44 BC when Caesar was assassinated. Cleopatra returned to Rome with her family and made her son Caesarion her co-ruler (presumably, after poisoning Ptolemy XIV).
4. Mark Antony
He was one of the triumvirs who ruled Rome following Caesar's death.
In 41, Mark Antony met Cleopatra to make her promise to support his intended war against the Parthians; she so charmed Antony that he chose to spend the winter of 41 BC–40 BC with her in Alexandria.
On 25 December 40 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to twins fathered by Antony, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II. Four years later, Antony visited Alexandria again en route to make war with the Parthians. He renewed his relationship with Cleopatra, and from this point on, Alexandria was his home. He married Cleopatra according to the Egyptian rite, although he was at the time married to Octavia Minor, sister of his fellow triumvir Octavian. He and Cleopatra had another child, Ptolemy Philadelphus.
The relationship between Marc Antony and Cleopatra scandalized Rome; they were also the cause of breaking down the relations between Antony and his co-triumvir Octavian in 33 BC. Octavian convinced the Senate to levy war against Egypt. In 31 BC Antony and Cleopatra's forces faced the Romans in a naval action off the coast of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra committed suicides, preferring death to being trophies of Rome.
1. Ptolemy XIII - he drowned in 47 BC
2. Ptolemy XIV - he was allegedly poisoned in c. 44 BC
3. Julius Caesar - he was assassinated in Rome in 44 BC
4. Mark Antony - he committed a suicide following a crucial defeat from Octavian in 31 BC
1. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
He was the son of Ptolemy XII and he succeeded his father in the spring of 51 BC as co-ruler of Egypt by his marriage to his older sister Cleopatra VII of Egypt. In October of 50 BC, Ptolemy XIII was promoted to senior ruler along with her. He thus reigned from 51 BC until his death in 47 BC.
Ptolemy XIII resented the fact Cleopatra tried to control him and was determined to depose her; to that end, he allied himself with Arsinoe IV (another half-sister and claimant to the Throne). Their actions led to a civil war.
Ptolemy XIII reportedly drowned while attempting to cross the Nile.
2. Ptolemy XIV
He was the son of Ptolemy XII. Following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII, he was proclaimed Pharaoh and co-ruler by their older sister Cleopatra VII. He thus reigned from 47 BC to 44 BC. How he died isn't certain; it is usually assumed that Cleopatra poisoned her Ptolemy XIV to replace him with Ptolemy XV Caesarion, her son by Caesar who was proclaimed co-ruler on September 2, 44 BC. The last mention of Ptolemy XIV as alive is dated at July 26, 44 BC.
3. Julius Caesar
One of the greatest generals in history, Caesar played a crucial in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
Although Cleopatra was 21 years old when they met and Caesar was 52, they became lovers during Caesar’s stay in Egypt between 48 BC and 47 BC. Cleopatra claimed Caesar was the father of her son (which was indirectly confirmed by Caesar himself). Cleopatra, Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion visited Rome in summer 46 BC and were still in Rome in on 15 March 44 BC when Caesar was assassinated. Cleopatra returned to Rome with her family and made her son Caesarion her co-ruler (presumably, after poisoning Ptolemy XIV).
4. Mark Antony
He was one of the triumvirs who ruled Rome following Caesar's death.
In 41, Mark Antony met Cleopatra to make her promise to support his intended war against the Parthians; she so charmed Antony that he chose to spend the winter of 41 BC–40 BC with her in Alexandria.
On 25 December 40 BC, Cleopatra gave birth to twins fathered by Antony, Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II. Four years later, Antony visited Alexandria again en route to make war with the Parthians. He renewed his relationship with Cleopatra, and from this point on, Alexandria was his home. He married Cleopatra according to the Egyptian rite, although he was at the time married to Octavia Minor, sister of his fellow triumvir Octavian. He and Cleopatra had another child, Ptolemy Philadelphus.
The relationship between Marc Antony and Cleopatra scandalized Rome; they were also the cause of breaking down the relations between Antony and his co-triumvir Octavian in 33 BC. Octavian convinced the Senate to levy war against Egypt. In 31 BC Antony and Cleopatra's forces faced the Romans in a naval action off the coast of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra committed suicides, preferring death to being trophies of Rome.